Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, or Toller, is the smallest of the retriever breeds — developed on Canada's Atlantic coast to play and dance along the shoreline, luring curious ducks within gun range before switching roles to retrieve from icy water. That dual heritage shaped a dog that is playful, driven, and endlessly energetic outdoors, yet affectionate and often reserved or watchful with strangers until it warms up. Living well with a Toller means committing to substantial daily exercise and mental work, a weather-ready double coat that needs regular brushing, and close involvement in family life, since this is a breed that bonds tightly and does not thrive left to its own devices.

Medium size20–23 kgmale17–20 kgfemale12–14 yrs lifespan
AKC (American Kennel Club) · SportingFCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) · Retrievers, Flushing Dogs, Water DogsUKC (United Kennel Club) · Gun Dog
Coloured-pencil illustration of a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Daily-care planners

House-training

Easy to house-train

House-training a Toller is usually straightforward, since this eager-to-please, food-motivated breed picks up a consistent routine quickly. Frequent trips outside after meals, naps, and play, paired with warm praise or a small treat for success, build the habit efficiently; their intelligence means they generalize the routine fast once it is clear. The main pitfall is inconsistency — skipping trips during a busy day slows progress more than almost anything else.

Typically 3–5 months with a consistent routine
Open the potty planner

Walks

Very high exercise needs

The Toller's walking challenge is less about distance and more about intensity: this breed thrives on vigorous, varied activity rather than a single sedate stroll, and a walk alone often will not meet its needs. Aim for substantial daily exercise that combines leash walks with real outlets for its retrieving drive — fetch, swimming, or structured play — and expect a young Toller to pull toward birds, squirrels, or moving objects, so early loose-leash training and a well-fitted harness pay off. Keep an eye out for water whenever you walk near it, since most Tollers will happily dive in given the chance, and always offer a rinse and ear check afterward. Meeting both the body's and the mind's need for work is what keeps a Toller settled at home.

Plan walks

Temperament

The Toller's history is unusual among retrievers: rather than simply retrieving downed birds, it was bred to "toll," playing and tossing objects along the shoreline to draw the attention of curious waterfowl within range, then retrieving from cold water once the hunt began. That legacy produced a dog that is intensely playful, physically tireless, and highly food- and toy-motivated, alongside a genuine love of water and a soft, sensitive temperament that responds best to encouraging, reward-based handling rather than pressure.

Tollers are famously devoted to their households, often shadowing a favorite person from room to room, and this closeness means they can struggle with being left alone for long stretches without a gradual, positive introduction to solo time. With strangers they are commonly watchful or a little reserved rather than instantly outgoing — a normal, breed-typical trait that early, calm socialization helps them carry with confidence instead of anxiety. With other dogs they tend to be tolerant and sociable once introduced properly, particularly when they can share in play or water time together.

Bred to work for hours retrieving in cold coastal water, Tollers carry real athletic stamina and a strong prey drive toward birds, squirrels, and fast-moving toys, so a securely fenced area or a leash near wildlife matters. Their exercise needs run high even by retriever standards, and a Toller without an outlet for that energy and intelligence — swimming, fetch, scent games, dog sports — often turns to digging, chewing, or vocalizing to self-entertain. They are gentle, playful companions for children who are taught to play respectfully, and their enthusiasm is best matched with kids who can join in active games.

What life with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever asks of you

Grooming & coat

Grooming effort
Moderate grooming
Shedding
Seasonal shedding
Coat
Medium coat

Exercise & enrichment

Daily exercise
Very high exercise needs
Mental stimulation
High mental stimulation
Trainability
Eager to please

Temperament & sociability

With people
Politely friendly
With dogs
Tolerant of other dogs
With kids
Gentle with children (always supervise)
Barking / noise
Moderately vocal
Chase instinct
High prey drive
Time alone
High separation-anxiety risk

Home & climate fit

Hot weather
Moderate heat tolerance
Cold weather
High cold tolerance
House-training
Easy to house-train

Health & screening

General information, not veterinary advice. Predisposition ≠ diagnosis. Always consult your veterinarian. Each claim is sourced below.
Hip dysplasiamoderate-confidence
Recommended screening: OFA hip evaluation
A hip radiograph evaluation guides responsible breeding, and keeping an athletic, water-loving dog like the Toller lean with well-conditioned muscle helps protect joint comfort through a long, active life.
Progressive retinal atrophymoderate-confidence
Recommended screening: prcd-PRA DNA test
A DNA test for the prcd form of progressive retinal atrophy identifies carriers before breeding, so responsible pairings can avoid producing affected puppies and protect vision across the line.
Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)moderate-confidence
Recommended screening: ACTH stimulation test
Tollers are among the breeds researchers have studied closely for hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease); there is no single predictive DNA test yet, so knowing the vague early signs (lethargy, appetite changes, GI upset) and confirming with an ACTH stimulation test when they appear supports early diagnosis and effective lifelong management.
Hypothyroidismmoderate-confidence
Recommended screening: Thyroid function panel (autoimmune thyroiditis)
A thyroid panel can catch an underactive thyroid, which is manageable with daily medication once identified — periodic screening helps keep an affected dog comfortable and at a healthy weight.
Chronic otitis externamoderate-confidence
Recommended screening: Routine ear examination
The Toller's floppy ears and enthusiasm for swimming can trap moisture, so routine ear checks and drying ears after water play help catch irritation early and keep ears comfortable.